Pediatric ATI Practice Exam

In children receiving opioid medications, which adverse effect should the nurse monitor for?

1. Bradycardia

2. Respiratory depression

3. Hypertension

4. Hyperactivity

The correct answer is: Respiratory depression

In children receiving opioid medications, monitoring for respiratory depression is critical due to the pharmacological effects of opioids on the central nervous system. Opioids can depress the respiratory drive, leading to inadequate ventilation and oxygenation, which is especially concerning in pediatric patients who may already have lower respiratory reserves compared to adults. Respiratory depression is characterized by a decrease in the rate and depth of breathing, which can result in hypoxia and respiratory failure if not addressed promptly. In the pediatric population, even small doses of opioids can lead to significant respiratory effects, making vigilant assessment of respiratory function essential. Understanding this, it becomes clear that while other adverse effects associated with opioid use may occur, the potential for respiratory depression poses the most immediate and serious risk, necessitating continuous observation of the child’s respiratory status when they are on opioid therapy.